城市内涝治理系统设计要点及案例分析

城市内涝治理是一项系统性工程,在对内涝治理特征进行剖析的基础上,提出了达到治理目标的"三步法",并从源头减排、排水管渠及泵站、河湖水系、应急除险、信息化等方面总结了设计要点,从规划建设、运行维护、应急抢险等方面阐述了管理措施,介绍了几个典型城市的相关案例,为城市内涝治理提供参考和借鉴.     

新型研发机构培育对策研究——以山东省济宁市为例

作为一种区别于传统研发机构的组织,新型研发机构以产业需求为导向、以技术创新为手段,符合地方创新驱动发展和产业转型升级的需要,受到中央和地方政府的重视和支持。归纳总结地方支持新型研发机构发展的政策要点及典型做法,在此基础上,结合济宁市新型研发机构发展现状及问题分析,从加强组织领导和顶层设计、制定专项扶持政策、给予财政资金支持、打造创新创业生态体系、强化考核评价等5个方面提出济宁市加快培育新型研发机构的对策建议,为当地政策制定提供决策参考,并为其他城市提供借鉴。     

碳排放权交易试点的区域减排效应——基于PSM-DID模型

选取2007—2019年中国30个省区市的数据,以碳排放权交易政策构造准自然实验,采用倾向得分匹配-双重差分模型分析碳排放权交易试点对区域的碳减排效应。研究发现,碳排放权交易降低了试点区域的碳排放量。经过中介效应检验发现,碳排放权交易通过引起试点区域的产业结构升级和能源消费结构优化来促进碳减排,加快了试点区域的产业结构调整升级,提高了清洁低碳能源的消费比例,减少了煤炭等化石能源的消费。通过协同减排效应分析发现,碳排放权交易发挥了协同减排作用,减少了二氧化硫等其他污染物排放量。     

The Bioeconomics of Cooperation

When transactions and information are costly and exchange is non-simultaneous, ‘institutions matter’. They matter because exchange under these circumstances subjects the participants to potentially harmful behaviors by other participants, among which are: opportunistic behavior, agency, the free-rider problem, cheating, moral hazard, and adverse selection. Institutions constrain these behaviors, allowing the participants to take advantage of the gains from trade and specialization, and thereby facilitating cooperation. Individuals adhere to institutional rules because they gain by doing so. Because the individual gains are inseparable from the structure of the institutions, the institutions themselves necessarily become the focus of the analysis—as we see in the new institutional economics (NIE). The new group selection position in biology involves a similar shift in focus from the level of the individual to the group when studying the evolution of altruism. But some of the proponents of group selection go further, arguing that altruism in biology evolves because it is in the interest of the group, but not the individual. In fact, group level analysis is necessary in biology, as in the NIE, because it allows for the discovery of ‘institutions’ that constrain cheating, opportunistic behavior, etc., thereby making participation in the group in the long-run self-interest of the individual. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Market intermediaries,storage and policy reforms

Intermediaries play a crucial role in the functioning of agricultural and food markets in developing countries through linking production, imports and storage with consumption. We analyse how competition in the intermediary sector and alternative forms of intermediaries determine the incentives for storage and market outcomes more generally. We apply this framework to the Egyptian wheat sector as an illustrative case study, a country where food security is a priority, where both forms of intermediaries co-exist and undertake storage but where issues of reforms to the role of intermediaries have been raised. Through stochastic simulation, we analyse two changes in government policy: first, the effects of changing the policy instruments with both types of intermediaries undertaking storage; second, relating to market reforms where the private sector replaces the storage function of the parastatal. These issues have wider significance for addressing the interaction between food security and a wide range of policy reforms including de-regulation of parastatals in developing countries.     

旧城改建和新区开发协同发展的城市整体观

作为城市整体发展的重要组成部分 ,旧城改建与新区开发紧密相连 ,互为补充。本文在论述两者关系的基础上 ,指出了目前在旧城改建和新区开发上的认识误区及由此产生的问题 ,进而提出了使两者协同发展的政策架构、资金运作及规划管理等措施。     

人际交往、观念创新与研发风险

文章通过建构一个理论模型来说明企业如何通过人际交往使研发人员的观念得到创新,从而实现“研究开发”的目标。     

炼焦化学工业的技术进展

分析了高炉喷煤技术对炼焦工业的影响,综述了先进的,工业化程度较高的炼焦新工艺的开发及工业化,对我国炼焦工业的发展提出了一些建议。     

乙酸乙酯供需动态与工艺技术进展

本文简述国内外乙酸乙酯供需动态。西欧和东亚供应不足,要从有多余乙酸乙酯供应量的拉丁美洲和日本输入,并需要增加乙酸乙酯产能。文章介绍了乙烯－乙酸乙酯新工艺,并同乙酯－乙醇酯化和乙醛缩合制乙酸酯工艺作比较,阐明新工艺是乙酸乙酯生产中技术先进、经济效益高的生产方法。     

Energy Tax and Competition in Energy Efficiency: The Case of Consumer Durables

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of anenergy tax on technical improvements and on prices ofconsumer durables induced by strategic competition inenergy efficiency. If the gasoline tax is raised thisdoes in principle not affect the producers of carsbecause the motorist pays for it in terms of a highercost of using the car. This, however, affects the unitsales of car producers because of substitution towardsother modes of transportation. A second element ofreaction to energy price variation is an indirect oneand relates to the effect of energy prices ontechnology. Competition forces car producers todevelop more energy efficient cars in order to reducethe cost of using a car. This indirect effect canpartly offset the direct effect of higher energyprices on demand if it is profitable for theautomobile industry to engineer more energy efficientequipment. We will analyze the impact of an energy taxon energy efficiency and on the price of a durablegood. This will be done within the framework of aduopoly competing in prices and in the energyefficiency of its products. The government chooses awelfare maximizing energy tax as an incentive toinnovate. Then we will analyze a strategic two-stagedecision process in which the duopolists first decideabout energy efficiency and then compete in prices.